What are the maximum runway slopes approved for takeoff and landings?

What are the maximum runway slopes approved for takeoff and landings?

• A. +/- 1%
• B. +/- 2%
• C. +/- 3%
• D. 0% to 2%

Answer: (B)

Runway slope changes the forces you must overcome during takeoff and the distance you need to land safely. When you have a slope, gravity adds or subtracts from your acceleration and braking, so performance data and flight manuals are built around a safe, limited range of slopes. The standard, approved limit is two percent in either direction, meaning you can operate on a runway that slopes uphill or downhill by up to 2% without needing special data or restrictions. Slopes steeper than that aren’t covered by the usual performance charts, and would require additional calculations or restrictions. A range like 0% to 2% isn’t symmetric and ignores downhill cases, so it isn’t the standard approval.

Runway slope changes the forces you must overcome during takeoff and the distance you need to land safely. When you have a slope, gravity adds or subtracts from your acceleration and braking, so performance data and flight manuals are built around a safe, limited range of slopes. The standard, approved limit is two percent in either direction, meaning you can operate on a runway that slopes uphill or downhill by up to 2% without needing special data or restrictions. Slopes steeper than that aren’t covered by the usual performance charts, and would require additional calculations or restrictions. A range like 0% to 2% isn’t symmetric and ignores downhill cases, so it isn’t the standard approval.